Selling Fruits Before Ripening
Total Hadiths 144
Hadith Rules on Selling Fruits Before They Ripen
The Prophet Muhammad established clear boundaries in commercial trade to prevent unfairness and financial loss. According to authentic narrations, the Prophet strictly forbade selling fruits until they become free from the danger of being blighted, spoiled, or ruined on the trees. He prohibited the practice of Muzabana, which involves trading unmeasured fresh fruits on trees for a fixed volume of dried dates or grapes—especially when buyers or sellers gamble on whether the unmeasured crop yields more or less. However, according to Islamic scholars looking at these texts, a specific concession called Bai'-al-'Araya was granted by the Prophet, allowing the exchange of ripe fruits on trees based on a careful estimation under strict conditions.
وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، وَابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَا بَعْدَهُ
This hadith is reported or the authority of Yahya with the same chain of transmitters up to" until its good condition becomes clear," but lie did not mention what follows (these words).
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1534dIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 65USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3668
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ .
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar through another chain of transmitters.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1534eIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 66USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3669
حَدَّثَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ .
Nafi, reported on the authority of Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) a hadith like that narrated before.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1534fIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 67USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3670
وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ .
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Nafi' with the same chain of transmitters.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1539eIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 80USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3681
وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ.
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of 'Ubaidullah with the same chain of transmitters.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1542cIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 94USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3695
وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، وَأَبُو كَامِلٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ .
A hadith like this has been transmitted on the authority of Ayyub.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1542fIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 97USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3698
وَحَدَّثَنِيهِ أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ ابْنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي الضَّحَّاكُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِيهِ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِهِمْ.
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Nafi with another chain of transmitters.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1542hIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 99USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3699
أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهُ .
It was narrated from Salim, from his father, that: the Messenger of Allah forbade selling fruits until their condition is known.
Reference : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4520In-book reference : Book 44, Hadith 72English translation : Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 4524
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، - وَهُوَ الأَعْرَجُ - عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَتِيقٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَضَعَ الْجَوَائِحَ .
It was narrated from Jabir that: the Prophet annulled transaction in the event of crop faioure.
Reference : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4529In-book reference : Book 44, Hadith 81English translation : Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 4533
وَبِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ السُّنْبُلِ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ وَيَأْمَنَ الْعَاهَةَ نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِيَ . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ وَعَائِشَةَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَابِرٍ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ كَرِهُوا بَيْعَ الثِّمَارِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهَا . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ .
With this (same as no. 1226) chain: "The Prophet (ﷺ) Prohibited Selling Ears (Of Grain) Until They Have Whitened (Shown Their Kernals) And Are Safe From Blight, He Forbade It For The Seller And The Buyer." [He Said:] There Are Narrations On This Topic From Anas, Ibn 'Abbas, Jabir, Abu Sa'Eed, And Zaid Bin Thabit. [Abu 'Eisa Said:] The Hadith Of Ibn 'Umar Is A Hasan Sahih Hadith. This Is Acted Upon According To The People Of Knowledge Among The Companions Of The Prophet (ﷺ) And Others. They Dislike Selling Fruits Before Their Usefulness Appears, This Is The View Of Ash-Shafi'I, Ahmad And Ishaq.
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1227In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 27English translation : Vol. 3, Book 12, Hadith 1227
