Guarantee of Protection
Total Hadiths 1
What Hadiths Teach About the Islamic Guarantee of Protection
According to authentic Islamic traditions, the guarantee of protection and asylum granted by any Muslim is sacred and binding upon the entire community. The provided Hadiths emphasize the equality and shared responsibility within the Muslim community regarding security covenants. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) explicitly stated that the covenants of the Muslims are one, meaning that if any individual offers protection, it covers and extends to the rest of the community. This right is completely inclusive; the narrations confirm that a woman can grant valid asylum to others, as demonstrated when the Prophet (ﷺ) honored the security given by Umm Hani to her relatives. Furthermore, Islamic scholars historically agreed that this protection extends to assurances made by slaves as well, ensuring that the word of every Muslim is fully respected and upheld by all.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَكْثَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَتَأْخُذُ لِلْقَوْمِ " . يَعْنِي تُجِيرُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ . وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ . وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ وَسَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا فَقَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَكَثِيرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَدْ سَمِعَ مِنَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ سَمِعَ مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَهُوَ مُقَارِبُ الْحَدِيثِ .حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُرَّةَ، مَوْلَى عَقِيلِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ أَجَرْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَحْمَائِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " قَدْ أَمَّنَّا مَنْ أَمَّنْتِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَجَازُوا أَمَانَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ أَجَازَا أَمَانَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَالْعَبْدِ . وَأَبُو مُرَّةَ مَوْلَى عَقِيلِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ أَيْضًا مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ وَاسْمُهُ يَزِيدُ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ أَجَازَ أَمَانَ الْعَبْدِ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " ذِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى بِهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَمَعْنَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ مَنْ أَعْطَى الأَمَانَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَهُوَ جِائِزٌ عَلَى كُلِّهِمْ .
Abu Hurairah Narrated from:
The Prophet (ﷺ) Said: "Indeed A Woman Grants (Assurances Of Protection) To A People" - Meaning It Is To Be Honored - "From The Muslims." There Is Something On This Topic From Umm Hani, And This Hadith Is Hasan Gharib. I Asked Muhammad And He Said: "This Hadith Is Sahih. Kathir Bin Ziad Heard From Al-Walid Bin Rabah, And Al-Walid Bin Rabah Heard From Abu Hurairah, And He Is Muqarib (Average) In Hadith.Another Chain From Umm Hani' Who Said: "I Granted Asylum For Two Men Among My Brother-In-Laws. So The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Said: 'We Grant Security To Whomever You Have Granted Security.'" [Abu 'Eisa Said:] This Hadith Is Hasan Sahih. This Is Acted Upon According To The People Of Knowledge. They Permit Assurance Of Protection By A Women. This Is The View Of Ahmad And Ishaq. They Permitted The Asylum Of A Woman And Slave It Has Been Related From Other Routes From 'Umar Bin Al-Khattab That He Permitted The Asylum Granted By A Slave.One Of The Narrators Of This Last Narration Abu Murrah Is The Freed Slave Of 'Aqil Bin Abi Talib - They Also Say That He Was Freed Slave Of Umm Hani' - And His Name Was Yazid. It Has Been Related From 'Ali Bin Abi Talib And 'Abdullah Bin 'Amr That The Prophet (ﷺ) Said: "The Covenants Of The Muslims Are One, It Covers The Rest Of Them." [Abu 'Eisa Said:] According To The People Of Knowledge, The Meaning Of This Hadith Is That Whoever Gives Assurance Of Protection Among The Muslims, Then It Is Valid To All Of Them.
[1] Part of that version appears in number 2734, and it is authentic.[2] It is also authentic, and appears in number 2127.Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1579In-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 40,41English translation : Vol. 3, Book 19, Hadith 1579
