14/14. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1224 — Muhaqalah and Muzabanah
What Has Been Related About The Prohibition Of Muhaqalah and Muzabanah
Muhaqalah and Muzabanah Hadith in Islamic Trade
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1224
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1224
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الإِسْكَنْدَرَانِيُّ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَسَعْدٍ وَجَابِرٍ وَرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ . وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِالتَّمْرِ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ كَرِهُوا بَيْعَ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ .
Abu Hurairah Narrated from:
The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Prohibited Muhaqalah And Muzabanah. [He Said:] There Are Narrations On This Topic From Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, Zaid Bin Thabit, Sa'D, Jabir, Rafi' Bin Khadij, And Abu Sa'Eed. [Abu 'Eisa Said:] The Hadith Of Abu Hurairah Is A Hasan Sahih Hadith. Muhaqalah Is Selling Crops For Wheat, And Muzabanah Is Selling Dates That Are On The Date-Palm For Dried Dates. This Is Acted Upon According To The Most Of The People Of Knowledge, They Disliked Sales Of Muhaqalah And Muzabanah.
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1224In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 23English translation : Vol. 3, Book 12, Hadith 1224
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1224
This hadith names two sale types that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم prohibited: Muhaqalah and Muzabanah. Abu Eisa explains the meanings in the text. Muhaqalah is selling crops for wheat, and Muzabanah is selling dates that are still on the palm for dried dates. The hadith is about crop sales and fair exchange. These deals can create uncertainty because the final amount or quality may not be clear at the time of sale. The report says most people of knowledge disliked these sales. So the message is not hard to grasp: when food or crops are being exchanged, the deal should be clear, measurable, and safe from unfair uncertainty.
What we learn from this hadith
- Crop and date sales should be clear and fair.
- Muhaqalah means selling crops for wheat, as explained in the text.
- Muzabanah means selling dates on the palm for dried dates, as explained in the text.
- Unclear exchange in food and produce sales should be avoided.
