21/12. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1561 — Nafl and Spoils Distribution
Regarding The Nafl (An additional gift from the spoils of war that is given to particular fighters)
Hadith About Nafl and Spoils Distribution
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1561
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1561
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلاَّمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَفِي الْقُفُولِ الثُّلُثَ . وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَحَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ وَمَعْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ . وَحَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلاَّمٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم.حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم تَنَفَّلَ سَيْفَهُ ذَا الْفَقَارِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَهُوَ الَّذِي رَأَى فِيهِ الرُّؤْيَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ إِنَّمَا نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ . وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي النَّفَلِ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ فَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ لَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَفَّلَ فِي مَغَازِيهِ كُلِّهَا وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ نَفَّلَ فِي بَعْضِهَا وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الاِجْتِهَادِ مِنَ الإِمَامِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْمَغْنَمِ وَآخِرِهِ . قَالَ ابْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قُلْتُ لأَحْمَدَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَفَّلَ إِذَا فَصَلَ بِالرُّبُعِ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ وَإِذَا قَفَلَ بِالثُّلُثِ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ فَقَالَ يُخْرِجُ الْخُمُسَ ثُمَّ يُنَفِّلُ مِمَّا بَقِيَ وَلاَ يُجَاوِزُ هَذَا . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى مَا قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ النَّفَلُ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ . قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ كَمَا قَالَ .
'Ubadah bin As-Samit Narrated from:
The Prophet (ﷺ) Used To Confer A Fourth Of Spoils Of War In The Early Part Of The Expedition, And A Third During The Return. There Are Narrations On This Topic From Ibn 'Abbas, Habib Bin Maslamh, Ma'N Bin Yazid, Ibn 'Umar, And Salamah Bin Al-Akwa'. This Hadith Of 'Ubadah Is A Hasan Hadith. This Hadith Has Also Been Reported From Abu Salam From A Man Among The Companions Of The Prophet (ﷺ).Another Chain From Ibn 'Abbas That The Prophet (ﷺ) Took His Sword Dhul-Fiqar On The Day Of Badr, And It Is The One That He Saw In The Dream On The Day Of Uhud. This Hadith Is Hasan Gharib. We Only Know It From This Route Through The Report Of Ibn Abi Az-Zinad.The People Of Knowledge Differ Over Giving The Nafl From The Khumus. Malik Bin Anas Said: "It Has Not Reached Me That The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Gave The Nafl During Every Expedition, But It Has Been Conveyed To Me That He Gave The Nafl In Some Of Them. That Is According To The Discretion Of The Imam During The Beginning Of The Division Of The Spoils Or The End Of It."Ibn Mansur Said: "I Said To Ahmad: 'The Prophet (ﷺ) Gave The Nafl When He Divided The Fourth, After The Khumus, And When He Was Returning (He Gave) The Third From The Khumus.' So He Said: 'The Khumus Is Taken, And Then The Nafl Is Given From What Remains, Nothing Beyond This.''" [Abu 'Eisa Said:] This Hadith Is (Understood) As Ibn Musayyab Said: "The Nafl Is From Te Khumus." Ishaq Said As He Said.
[1] An additional gift from the spoils of war that is given to particular fighters.Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1561In-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 18,19English translation : Vol. 3, Book 19, Hadith 1561
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1561
This hadith explains nafl in spoils of war, meaning an extra grant given in a military expedition. The main teaching is that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم gave a fourth in the early part of an expedition and a third during the return. The narration also mentions Dhul-Fiqar and reports scholarly discussion about whether nafl was from the khumus or from what remained after khumus. In simple terms, this hadith shows that spoils of war were not handled randomly. There was order, leadership, and judgment. The imam had a role in deciding how extra rewards were given. The key search idea here is hadith about nafl in spoils, with related terms like khumus, ghanimah, and distribution of war booty in Islam.
What we learn from this hadith
- Spoils of war were distributed through leadership and set rules, not personal choice.
- Extra grants could differ between the beginning and return of an expedition.
- Scholars discussed how nafl related to khumus based on the narrated reports.
- The imam’s judgment had a role in handling some matters of spoils.
