Call to Prayers (Adhaan)

10/1. Chapter:

How the Adhan for Salat (Prayer) was started

وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَإِذَا نَادَيْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ اتَّخَذُوهَا هُزُوًا وَلَعِبًا ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ} وَقَوْلُهُ: {إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلاَةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ}.And the Statement of Allah جل جلاله: "And when you proclaim the call for As-Salat [call for the prayer (Adhan)], they take it (but) as a mockery and fun; that is because they are a people who understand not." (V.5:58). And also the Statement of Allah تعالى: "...When the call (Adhan) is proclaimed for the Salat (prayer) on the day of Friday..." (V.62:9).

Sahih BukhariHadith Number 603

حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ ذَكَرُوا النَّارَ وَالنَّاقُوسَ، فَذَكَرُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى، فَأُمِرَ بِلاَلٌ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ الأَذَانَ وَأَنْ يُوتِرَ الإِقَامَةَ‏.‏

Narrated Anas: The people mentioned the fire and the bell (they suggested those as signals to indicate the starting of prayers), and by that they mentioned the Jews and the Christians. Then Bilal was ordered to pronounce Adhan for the prayer by saying its wordings twice, and for the Iqama (the call for the actual standing for the prayers in rows) by saying its wordings once. (Iqama is pronounced when the people are ready for the prayer).

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 603In-book reference : Book 10, Hadith 1USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 11, Hadith 577

Sahih BukhariHadith Number 604

حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فَيَتَحَيَّنُونَ الصَّلاَةَ، لَيْسَ يُنَادَى لَهَا، فَتَكَلَّمُوا يَوْمًا فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ اتَّخِذُوا نَاقُوسًا مِثْلَ نَاقُوسِ النَّصَارَى‏.‏ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَلْ بُوقًا مِثْلَ قَرْنِ الْيَهُودِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَوَلاَ تَبْعَثُونَ رَجُلاً يُنَادِي بِالصَّلاَةِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ يَا بِلاَلُ قُمْ فَنَادِ بِالصَّلاَةِ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Ibn `Umar: When the Muslims arrived at Medina, they used to assemble for the prayer, and used to guess the time for it. During those days, the practice of Adhan for the prayers had not been introduced yet. Once they discussed this problem regarding the call for prayer. Some people suggested the use of a bell like the Christians, others proposed a trumpet like the horn used by the Jews, but `Umar was the first to suggest that a man should call (the people) for the prayer; so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered Bilal to get up and pronounce the Adhan for prayers.

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 604In-book reference : Book 10, Hadith 2USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 11, Hadith 578

Revelation

Belief

Knowledge

Ablutions (Wudu')

Bathing (Ghusl)

Menstrual Periods

Rubbing hands and feet with dust (Tayammum)

Prayers (Salat)

Times of the Prayers

Friday Prayer

Fear Prayer

The Two Festivals (Eids)

Witr Prayer

Invoking Allah for Rain (Istisqaa)

Eclipses

Prostration During Recital of Qur'an

Shortening the Prayers (At-Taqseer)

Prayer at Night (Tahajjud)

Virtues of Prayer at Masjid Makkah and Madinah

Actions while Praying

Forgetfulness in Prayer

Funerals (Al-Janaa'iz)

Obligatory Charity Tax (Zakat)

Hajj (Pilgrimage)

`Umrah (Minor pilgrimage)

Pilgrims Prevented from Completing the Pilgrimage

Penalty of Hunting while on Pilgrimage

Virtues of Madinah

Fasting

Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)

Virtues of the Night of Qadr

Retiring to a Mosque for Remembrance of Allah (I'tikaf)

Sales and Trade

Sales in which a Price is paid for Goods to be Delivered Later (As-Salam)

Shuf'a

Hiring

Transferance of a Debt from One Person to Another (Al-Hawaala)

Kafalah

Representation, Authorization, Business by Proxy

Agriculture

Distribution of Water

Loans, Payment of Loans, Freezing of Property, Bankruptcy

Khusoomaat

Lost Things Picked up by Someone (Luqatah)

Oppressions

Partnership

Mortgaging

Manumission of Slaves

Makaatib

Gifts

Witnesses

Peacemaking

Conditions

Wills and Testaments (Wasaayaa)

Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihaad)

One-fifth of Booty to the Cause of Allah (Khumus)

Jizyah and Mawaada'ah

Beginning of Creation

Prophets

Virtues and Merits of the Prophet (pbuh) and his Companions

Companions of the Prophet

Merits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar)

Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh))

Virtues of the Qur'an

Wedlock, Marriage (Nikaah)

Divorce

Supporting the Family

Food, Meals

Sacrifice on Occasion of Birth (`Aqiqa)

Hunting, Slaughtering

Al-Adha Festival Sacrifice (Adaahi)

Drinks

Patients

Medicine

Dress

Good Manners and Form (Al-Adab)

Asking Permission

Invocations