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Support Us25/0. Chapter:
حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: مَا حَقُّ امْرِىءٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَاّ وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ.
Allâh’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “It is not permissible for any Muslim who has something to will, to stay for two nights without having his last will and testament written and kept ready with him.” ( Sahih Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 1, Vol. 4)
25/1. Chapter:
حديث سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ رضي الله عنها، قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَعُودُنِي عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، مِنْ وَجَعٍ اشْتَدَّ بِي، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي قَدْ بَلَغَ بِي مِنَ الْوَجَعِ وَأَنَا ذُو مَالٍ، وَلَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَاّ ابْنَةٌ، أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي قَالَ: لَا فَقُلْتُ: بِالشَّطْرِ فَقَالَ: لَا ثُمَّ قَالَ: الثُّلُثُ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَبِيرٌ أَوْ كَثِيرٌ، إنَّكَ أَنْ تَذَرَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ، وَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللهِ إِلَاّ أُجِرْتَ بِهَا حَتَّى مَا تَجْعَلُ فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُخَلَّفُ بَعْدَ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُخَلَّفَ فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا إِلَاّ ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً، ثُمَّ لَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُخَلَّفَ ⦗١٦٤⦘ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ، اللهُمَّ أَمْضِ لأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ، لكِنَ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ ابْنُ خَوْلَةَ، يَرْثِي لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ.
In the year of the last Hajj of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم , I became seriously ill and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم visited me enquiring about my health. I told him, “I am reduced to this state because of illness and I am wealthy, and have no inheritors except a daughter. Should I give two-thirds of my property in charity?” He said, “No”. I asked, “Half?” He said, “No”. Then he added, “One-third, and even one-third is much. You’d better leave your inheritors wealthy rather than leaving them poor, begging from others. You will get a reward for whatever you spend for Allâh’s sake, even for what you put in your wife’s mouth.”I said, “O Allâh’s Messenger! Will I be left alone after my companions have gone?” He said, “If you are left behind, whatever good deeds you will do will upgrade you and raise you high. And perhaps you will have a long life so that some people will be benefitted by you while others will be harmed by you. O Allâh! Complete the emigration of my companions and do not turn them renegades." But Allâh's Messenger ﷺ felt sorry for poor Sa'd bin Khawla as he died in Makka, (but Sa'd bin Abî Waqqâs lived long after the Prophet ﷺ). ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 383-A, Vol. 2 )
حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: لَوْ غَضَّ النَّاسُ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ؛ لأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: الثُّلُثُ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ أَوْ كَبِيرٌ.
I recommended that people reduce the proportion of what they bequeath by will to the fourth (of the whole property), for Allâh's Messenger ﷺ said, "One-third, yet even one-third is too much." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 6, Vol. 4 )
25/2. Chapter:
حديث عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنَّ أُمِّي افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا وأَظُنُّهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ تَصَدَّقَتْ، فَهَلْ لَهَا أَجْرٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا قَالَ: نَعَمْ.
A man said to the Prophet ﷺ, "My mother died suddenly and I thought that if she had lived she would have given in charity. So, if I give alms now on her behalf, will she get the reward?" The Prophet ﷺ replied in the affirmative. ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 470, Vol. 2 )
25/4. Chapter:
حديث ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَصَابَ أَرْضًا بِخَيْبَرَ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَسْتَأْمِرُهُ فِيهَا، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ أَرْضًا بِخَيْبَرَ لمْ أُصِبْ مَالًا ⦗١٦٥⦘ قَطُّ أَنْفَسَ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ، فَمَا تَامُرُ بِهِ قَالَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ حَبَّسْتَ أَصْلَهَا وَتَصَدَّقْتَ بِهَا قَالَ: فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عُمَرُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ وَلَا يُورَثُ، وَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي الْفُقَرَاءِ وَفِي الْقُرْبَى وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَالضَّيْفِ، لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَى مَنْ وَلِيَهَا أَنْ يَأكُلَ مِنْهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيُطْعِمَ، غَيْرَ مُتَمَوِّلٍ قَالَ (الرَّاوِي): فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ ابْن سِيرِينَ، فَقَالَ: غَيْرَ مُتَأَثِّلٍ مَالًا.
'Umar bin Al-Khattâb got some land in Khaibar and he went to the Prophet ﷺ to consult him about it: saying, "O Allâh's Messenger! I got some land in Khaibar better than which I have never had, what do you suggest that I do with it?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "If you like you can give the land as endowment and give its fruits in charity." So 'Umar gave it in charity as an endowment on the condition that it would not be sold nor given to anybody as a present and not to be inherited, but its yield would be given in charity to the poor, to the kith and kin, for freeing slaves, for use in Allâh's Cause, to the travellers and guests; and that there would be no harm if the guardian of the endowment ate from it with Ma'rûf (according to his labour with good intention), and feed others without storing it for the future." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhâri, Hadîth No. 895, Vol. 3 )
25/5. Chapter:
حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ ابْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى هَلْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَوْصى قَالَ: لَا فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاس الْوَصِيَّةُ، أَوْ أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ: أَوْصى بِكِتَابِ اللهِ.
I asked 'Abdullâh bin Abû 'Aûfa رضي الله عنهما, "Did the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم make a will?" He replied, "No." I asked him, "How is it then, that the making of a will has been enjoined on people, (or that they are ordered to make a will)?" He replied, "The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم bequeathed Allâh's Book (i.e. The Qur'ân)." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhâri, Hadîth No. 3, Vol. 4 )
حديث عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ: ذَكَرُوا عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا رضي الله عنها كَانَ وَصِيًّا فَقَالَتْ: مَتَى أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ مُسْنِدَتَهُ إِلَى صَدْرِي، أَوْ قَالَتْ: حَجْرِي، فَدَعَا بِالطَّسْتِ، فَلَقَدِ انْخَنَثَ فِي حَجْرِي فَمَا شَعَرْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ، فَمَتَى أَوْصى إِلَيْهِ.
In the presence of 'Âisha رضي الله عنها some people mentioned that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم had appointed 'Alî by will as his successor. 'Âisha said, "When did he appoint him by will? Verily, when he died he was resting against my chest (or she said "in my lap") and he asked for a wash-basin and then collapsed while in that state, and I could not even perceive that he had died, so when did he appoint him by will?" ( Sahih Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 4, Vol. 4 )
حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ، وَمَا يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ ثمَّ بَكَى حَتَّى خَضَبَ دَمْعُهُ الْحَصْبَاءَ، فَقَالَ: اشْتَدَّ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَجَعُهُ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ، فَقَالَ: ائْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ، أَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لَنْ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا فَتَنَازَعُوا، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي عِنْدَ نَبِيٍّ تَنَازُعٌ فَقَالُوا: هَجَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: دَعُونِي فَالَّذِي أَنَا فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا تَدْعُونِي إِلَيْهِ وَأَوْصى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِثَلَاثٍ: أَخْرِجُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، وَأَجِيزُوا الْوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهُمْ وَنَسِيتُ الثَّالِثَةَ.
Ibn 'Abbâs رضي الله عنهما said, "Thursday! What (great thing) took place on Thursday!" Then he started weeping till the gravels of the ground were wet with his tears. Then he said, "On Thursday the illness of Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم was aggravated and he said, 'Bring for me (writing) paper and I will write for you a statement after which you will never go astray.'The people (present there) differed in this matter, and people should not differ before a Prophet. They said, 'Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم is seriously sick.' The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, 'Let me alone, as the state in which I am now is better than what you are calling me for.'The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on his deathbed, gave three orders saying, 'Expel Al-Mushrikîn (pagans idolators disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh تعالى and His Messenger Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم ) from the Arabian Peninsula, respect and give gifts to the foreign delegates as you have seen me dealing with them.' I forgot the third (order) [1] ." ( Sahih Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 288, Vol. 4 )1. To act on the orders of the Qur'ân.2. To equip the army-unit under the command of Usâma رضي الله عنه .3. To not to take the Prophet's grave as a place of worship, and 4. To offer As-Salât (the prayers) perfectly and regularly and to be good to your slaves (what your right hand possesses). Fath Al-Bârî , Vol. 9, Page No. 199 and 200).
[1] This third order not mentioned here is explained in Fath Al-Bârî as to be one of the following four things:
حديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا حُضِرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ، وَفِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: هَلُمُّوا أَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لَا تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ غَلَبَهُ الْوَجَعُ، وَعِنْدَكُمْ القُرْآنُ، حَسْبُنَا كِتَابُ اللهِ فَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ وَاخْتَصَمُوا؛ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: قَرِّبُوا يَكْتُبْ لَكُمْ كِتَابًا لَا تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ غَيْرَ ذلِكَ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرُوا اللَّغْوَ وَالاخْتِلافَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: قُومُواقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ (الرَّاوِي) فَكَانَ يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّ الرَّزِيَّةَ كُلَّ الرَّزِيَّةِ مَا حَالَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لَهُمْ ذلِكَ الْكِتَابَ، لاِخْتِلَافِهِمْ وَلَغَطِهِمْ.
Ibn 'Abbâs رضي الله عنهما said, "When Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم was on his deathbed and there were some men in the house, he صلى الله عليه وسلم said, 'Come near, I will write for you something after which you will not go astray.'Some of them (i.e. his companions) said, 'Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم is seriously ill and you have the (Holy) Qur'ân. Allâh's Book is sufficient for us.' So the people in the house differed and started disputing. Some of them said, 'Give him writing material so that he may write for you something after which you will not go astray,' while the others opposed it. So when their talk and differences increased, Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, 'Go away'."Ibn 'Abbâs used to say, "No doubt, it was very unfortunate (a great disaster) that Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم was prevented from writing for them that writing, because of their differences and noise." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhâri, Hadîth No. 717, Vol. 5) [See Hadîth No. 1059 and its footnote for details].
