14/19. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1234 — Loan and Sale Together
What Has Been Related About It Being Disliked To Sell What One Does Not Have
Loan and Sale Hadith: Clear Rules for Trade
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1234
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1234
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، حَتَّى ذَكَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " لاَ يَحِلُّ سَلَفٌ وَبَيْعٌ وَلاَ شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ وَلاَ رِبْحُ مَا لَمْ يُضْمَنْ وَلاَ بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ . رَوَى أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ وَأَبُو بِشْرٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَرَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَوْفٌ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم . وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ إِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ .
Ayyub Narrated from:
'Amr Bin Shu'Aib Narrated To Us, Saying: My Father Narrated To Me From His Father' Until He Mentioned 'Abdullah Bin 'Amr: "The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Said: 'It Is Not Lawful To Lend And Sell, Nor Two Conditions In A Sale, Nor To Profit From What Is Not Possessed, Nor To Sell What One Does Not Have.'" [Abu 'Eisa Said:] This Hadith Is Hasan Sahih.[Abu 'Eisa Said:] The Hadith Of Hakim Bin Hizam Is A Hasan Hadith, It Has Been Reported From Him Through Other Routes. Ayyub As-Sakhtiyani And Abu Bishr Report From Yusuf Bin Mahak, From Hakim Bin Hizam. [Abu 'Eisa Said:] 'Awf And Hisham Bin Hassan Reported This Hadith From Ibn Sirin, From Hakim Bin Hizam From The Prophet (ﷺ). And This Is A Mursal Hadith. Ibn Sirin Only Reported It From Ayyub As-Sikhtiyani From Yusuf Bin Mahak, From Hakim Bin Hizam Like This.
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1234In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 34English translation : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 1234
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1234
This hadith lists several business practices that are not lawful. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said that it is not lawful to lend and sell, nor to have two conditions in a sale, nor to profit from what is not possessed, nor to sell what one does not have. The wording brings several related rules together. A sale should not be mixed with a loan in a way that creates unfair gain. A contract should not be loaded with unclear conditions. Profit should be tied to what a person has taken responsibility for. And a seller should not sell what is not with him. The whole hadith points to clear, fair, and honest trade.
What we learn from this hadith
- Do not combine a loan and sale in the prohibited way stated in the text.
- Avoid two conditions in one sale.
- Profit should not be taken from what is not possessed.
- Do not sell what you do not have.
