14/23. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1240 — Riba in Exchange Items
What Has Been Related About That Wheat Is To Be Exchanged For Wheat, Kind For Kind, And That An Increase In It Is Disliked
Riba Hadith: Gold for Gold and Hand-to-Hand Exchange
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1240
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1240
حَدَّثَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالْمِلْحُ بِالْمِلْحِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى بِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالْفِضَّةِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَبِيعُوا الْبُرَّ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَبِيعُوا الشَّعِيرَ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ " . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَبِلاَلٍ وَأَنَسٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُهُمْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَقَالَ " بِيعُوا الْبُرَّ بِالشَّعِيرِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ " . وَرَوَى بَعْضُهُمْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْحَدِيثَ وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ خَالِدٌ قَالَ أَبُو قِلاَبَةَ " بِيعُوا الْبُرَّ بِالشَّعِيرِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ " فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ لاَ يَرَوْنَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ الْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الأَصْنَافُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ مُتَفَاضِلاً إِذَا كَانَ يَدًا بِيَدٍ . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ . قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " بِيعُوا الشَّعِيرَ بِالْبُرِّ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ يَدًا بِيَدٍ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَقَدْ كَرِهَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ تُبَاعَ الْحِنْطَةُ بِالشَّعِيرِ إِلاَّ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَالْقَوْلُ الأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ .
'Ubadah bin As-Samit Narrated from:
The Prophet (ﷺ) Said: "Gold For Gold, Kind For Kind; Silver For Silver, Kind For Kind; Dried-Dates For Dried-Dates, Kind For Kind; Wheat For Wheat, Kind For Kind; Salt For Salt, Kind For Kind; And Barley For Barley, Kind For Kind. Whoever Increases Or Seeks An Increase, Then He Dealt With Riba. Sell Gold For Silver As You Wish, Hand To Hand; And Sell Wheat For Dried-Dates As You Wish, Hand To Hand; And Sell Barley For Dried-Dates As You Wish, Hand To Hand."[He Said:] There Are Narrations On This Topic From Abu Sa'Eed, Abu Hurairah, Bilal, And Anas. [Abu 'Eisa Said:] The Hadith Of 'Ubadah Bin As-Samit Is Hasan Sahih. Some Of Them Reported This Hadith From Khalid, With This Chain, And He Said: "Sell Wheat For Barley As You Wish, Hand To Hand." Some Of Them Reported This Hadith From Khalid, From Abu Qilabah, From Ash'Ath, From 'Ubadah From The Prophet (ﷺ). In That Hadith, They Added That Khalid Said: "Abu Qilabah Said: "Sell Wheat For Barley As You Wish, Hand To Hand."This Hadith Is Acted Upon According To The People Of Knowledge, They Do Not Think That One May Sell Wheat For Wheat Except When It Is The Same Kind For The Same Kind, And (The Same For) Barley In Exchange For Barley, Kind For Kind. When The Items Are Themselves Different, Then There Is No Harm In One Being More Than The Other If It Is Hand To Hand. This Is Saying Of Most Of The People Of Knowledge Among The Companions Of The Prophet (ﷺ) And Others. It Is The View Of Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Ash-Shafi'I, Ahmad, And Ishaq.Ash-Shafi'I Said: "And The Proof For That Is The Saying Of The Prophet (ﷺ): 'Sell Barley For Wheat As You Wish, Hand To Hand.'" [Abu 'Eisa Said:] Some Of The People Of Knowledge Considered It Disliked That Wheat Be Sold For Barley Unless It Was Kind For Kind. This Is The View Of Malik Bin Anas, But The First View Is More Correct.
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1240In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 40English translation : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 1240
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1240
This hadith is a key text on Riba in exchange. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم named gold, silver, dried dates, wheat, salt, and barley. When the same kind is exchanged for the same kind, it must be kind for kind. The hadith says whoever increases or seeks an increase has dealt with Riba. It also allows selling different listed items as one wishes when it is hand to hand, such as gold for silver or wheat for dried dates. Abu Eisa notes that people of knowledge acted on this by requiring equal exchange for the same kind, while allowing difference when the kinds differ and the exchange is hand to hand. The message is clear: same-kind exchange needs equality, and different-kind exchange needs immediate delivery.
What we learn from this hadith
- Same-kind exchange of the listed items must be equal.
- Seeking increase in same-kind exchange is described as Riba in the text.
- Different listed items may be exchanged with difference when hand to hand.
- Immediate exchange is part of the rule when the kinds differ.
