15/37. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1377 — Liability and Rikaz Khumus
What Has Been Related About Injuries Caused By Domestic Animals
Hadith About Liability and Khumus on Rikaz
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1377
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1377
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ " . حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، وَأَبِي، سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . حَدَّثَنَا الأَنْصَارِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْنٌ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَتَفْسِيرُ حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ " . يَقُولُ هَدَرٌ لاَ دِيَةَ فِيهِ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ " الْعَجْمَاءُ جُرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ " . فَسَّرَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَالُوا الْعَجْمَاءُ الدَّابَّةُ الْمُنْفَلِتَةُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا فَمَا أَصَابَتْ فِي انْفِلاَتِهَا فَلاَ غُرْمَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا . " وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ " . يَقُولُ إِذَا احْتَفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مَعْدِنًا فَوَقَعَ فِيهَا إِنْسَانٌ فَلاَ غُرْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَذَلِكَ الْبِئْرُ إِذَا احْتَفَرَهَا الرَّجُلُ لِلسَّبِيلِ فَوَقَعَ فِيهَا إِنْسَانٌ فَلاَ غُرْمَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا . " وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ " . وَالرِّكَازُ مَا وُجِدَ فِي دَفْنِ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ . فَمَنْ وَجَدَ رِكَازًا أَدَّى مِنْهُ الْخُمُسَ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لَهُ .
Abu Hurairah Narrated from:
The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Said: "The Injuries Caused By The Animal Are Without Liability, And Wells Are Without Liability, And Mines Are Without Liability, And The Khumus Is Due On Rikaz." (Another Chain) From Abu Hurairah, From The Prophet (ﷺ) With Similar Meaning.
[1] Meaning the owner of these is not liable for damages others suffer from them.[2] Buried treasure. See no. 642.Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1377In-book reference : Book 15, Hadith 58English translation : Vol. 3, Book 13, Hadith 1377
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1377
This hadith about liability and khumus on rikaz mentions several legal points in one statement. Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said injuries caused by an animal are without liability, wells are without liability, mines are without liability, and one-fifth is due on rikaz. The supplied Arabic explanation connects the animal wording to an animal that gets loose, and explains rikaz as buried finds from the time of Jahiliyyah. The hadith teaches that not every harm carries the same responsibility in every case. It also teaches that certain found wealth has a set due amount. The key message is measured liability and clear treatment of buried treasure.
What we learn from this hadith
- The hadith sets limits for liability in certain cases.
- Animal, well, and mine incidents are grouped together in the report.
- One-fifth is due on rikaz according to the hadith wording.
- Financial duties should be handled with clear rules.
