17/12. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1439 — Pledge, Sins and Atonement
What Has Been Related About: The Legal Punishments Are Atonement For Those Who Recieve Them
Hadith About Pledge, Sin and Atonement
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1439
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1439
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلاَنِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَقَالَ " تُبَايِعُونِي عَلَى أَنْ لاَ تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلاَ تَسْرِقُوا وَلاَ تَزْنُوا قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الآيَةَ فَمَنْ وَفَى مِنْكُمْ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَعُوقِبَ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَسَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ إِلَى اللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُ " . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَجَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَخُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لَمْ أَسْمَعْ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ أَنَّ الْحُدُودَ تَكُونُ كَفَّارَةً لأَهْلِهَا شَيْئًا أَحْسَنَ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأُحِبُّ لِمَنْ أَصَابَ ذَنْبًا فَسَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْتُرَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَيَتُوبَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّهِ . وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ أَنَّهُمَا أَمَرَا رَجُلاً أَنْ يَسْتُرَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ .
Narrated 'Ubadah bin As-Samit: "We Were With The Prophet (ﷺ) [In A Gathering] And He Said: 'Pledge To Me That You Will Not Associate [Anything As] Partners With Allah, And That You Will Not Steal Nor Commit Adultery.' He Recited To Them The Ayah. (And He Said:)'Whoever Among You Dies, Then This Reward Is With Allah, And Whoever Among You Does Some Of This And Then He Is Punished, It Is Atonement For Him. And Whoever Does Some Of This And Allah Covers It For Him, Then It Is Up To Allah; If He Wills, He Will Punish Them, And If He Wills, He Will Forgive Him.'"
[1] This refers to Sūrat Al-Mumtahinah (60:12). See Tuhfat Al-Ahwadhi .Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1439In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 22English translation : Vol. 3, Book 15, Hadith 1439
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1439
This hadith about the pledge teaches a balanced message about obedience, punishment, and Allah's will. Ubadah bin As-Samit said they were with the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم when he asked them to pledge not to associate anything with Allah, not to steal, and not to commit adultery. He recited the ayah to them. Then he said that whoever fulfills the pledge has his reward with Allah. Whoever does some of these things and is punished for it, that punishment is an atonement for him. Whoever does something and Allah covers it for him, then the matter is up to Allah: He may punish or forgive.
What we learn from this hadith
- The pledge included avoiding shirk, theft, and adultery.
- Whoever fulfills the pledge has reward with Allah.
- Punishment for a committed act is described as atonement in the hadith.
- If Allah covers a person's sin, the matter is left to Allah's will.
