47/23. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 3171 — Permission to Fight After Wrong
Regarding Surat Al-Hajj
Hadith About Permission to Fight for Those Wronged
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 3171
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 3171
حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الأَزْرَقُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ لَمَّا أُخْرِجَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ مَكَّةَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَخْرَجُوا نَبِيَّهُمْ لَيَهْلِكُنَّ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : (أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ ) الآيَةَ . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ قِتَالٌ . قَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مُرْسَلاً لَيْسَ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ .
Ibn 'Abbas Narrated from:
When The Prophet (ﷺ) Was Expelled From Makkah, Abu Bakr Said: 'They Have Driven Out Their Prophet To Their Own Doom.'So Allah, Most High, Revealed: 'Permission (To Fight) Is Given To Those Who Are Fought Against, Because They Have Been Wronged; And Surely, Allah Is Able To Give Them Victory (22:39).'So Abu Bakr Said: 'Then I Knew That There Would Be Fighting.'
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3171In-book reference : Book 47, Hadith 223English translation : Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3171
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 3171
This hadith about permission to fight mentions the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) being expelled from Makkah. Abu Bakr said that they had driven out their Prophet to their own doom. Then Allah revealed the verse giving permission to those who were fought against because they had been wronged, and Allah is able to give them victory. Abu Bakr then understood that fighting would take place. The hadith is focused on a specific moment and a specific revealed verse. It should not be stretched into broad claims outside the text. The key message is that the permission came after wrong had been done, and Allah's power to give victory is clearly stated.
What we learn from this hadith
- The Prophet was expelled from Makkah according to the narration.
- The verse gave permission to those who were fought against after being wronged.
- Abu Bakr understood from the verse that fighting would happen.
- The hadith connects patience under wrong with Allah's ability to give victory.
