8/33. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 730 — Fasting Intention
What Has Been Related About: There Is No Fast For The One Who Did Not Determine It During The (Preceding) Night
Fasting Intention Before Fajr Hadith
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 730
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 730
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ لَمْ يُجْمِعِ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَلاَ صِيَامَ لَهُ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ حَفْصَةَ حَدِيثٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَوْلُهُ وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ وَهَكَذَا أَيْضًا رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مَوْقُوفًا وَلاَ نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا رَفَعَهُ إِلاَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَيُّوبَ . وَإِنَّمَا مَعْنَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ لاَ صِيَامَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يُجْمِعِ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فِي رَمَضَانَ أَوْ فِي قَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ فِي صِيَامِ نَذْرٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَنْوِهِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ وَأَمَّا صِيَامُ التَّطَوُّعِ فَمُبَاحٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْوِيَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أَصْبَحَ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ .
Hafsah Narrated from:
The Prophet Said: "Whoever Did Not Decide To Fast Before Fajr Then There Is No Fast For Him."
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 730In-book reference : Book 8, Hadith 49English translation : Vol. 2, Book 3, Hadith 730
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 730
This fasting intention before Fajr hadith says that whoever did not decide to fast before Fajr has no fast. The Arabic comments explain how scholars understood the meaning: this applies to Ramadan, making up Ramadan, and vow fasts when the person did not intend from the night. The same comments also mention that voluntary fasting may be intended after morning, according to the scholars named there. So the explanation must not overstate the hadith as if every type of fast is the same. The core message is that required fasts need a clear intention before dawn. Fasting is not only leaving food and drink; it also needs a conscious decision for Allah before the day begins.
What we learn from this hadith
- Required fasts need a clear intention before Fajr according to the explanation in the text.
- The added note separates Ramadan, qada, and vow fasts from voluntary fasts.
- Fasting is an act of worship, so intention matters.
- The ruling should not be expanded without noting the distinction mentioned in the text.
