The legal way of offering the funeral prayer

وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ». وَقَالَ: «صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ». وَقَالَ: «صَلُّوا عَلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ». سَمَّاهَا صَلاَةً، لَيْسَ فِيهَا رُكُوعٌ وَلاَ سُجُودٌ، وَلاَ يُتَكَلَّمُ فِيهَا، وَفِيهَا تَكْبِيرٌ وَتَسْلِيمٌ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لاَ يُصَلِّي إِلاَّ طَاهِرًا. وَلاَ يُصَلِّي عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَلاَ غُرُوبِهَا، وَيَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ، وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ وَأَحَقُّهُمْ عَلَى جَنَائِزِهِمْ مَنْ رَضُوهُمْ لِفَرَائِضِهِمْ. وَإِذَا أَحْدَثَ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ أَوْ عِنْدَ الْجَنَازَةِ يَطْلُبُ الْمَاءَ وَلاَ يَتَيَمَّمُ، وَإِذَا انْتَهَى إِلَى الْجَنَازَةِ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ يَدْخُلُ مَعَهُمْ بِتَكْبِيرَةٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ يُكَبِّرُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالسَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا. وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ التَّكْبِيرَةُ الْوَاحِدَةُ اسْتِفْتَاحُ الصَّلاَةِ. وَقَالَ: {وَلاَ تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا} وَفِيهِ صُفُوفٌ وَإِمَامٌ.And the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever offered the funeral prayer,” and also said, “Offer the funeral prayer for your friend.” And also said, “Offer the funeral prayer for An-Najashi.” He called it a Salat (prayer) although there is neither bowing, prostration, nor loud recitation in it, and there are Takbir and Taslim. Ibn ‘Umar رضي الله عنه never offered the (funeral) Salat (prayer) without ablution, nor at sunrise or at sunset and used to raise both his hands (at the time of saying Takbir). Al-Hasan (Al-Basri) said, “I noticed the people (i.e. the Prophet’s Companions) regarding as the most deserving man to lead the funeral Salat (prayer) the one whom they were satisfied with to lead them in compulsory Salat (prayer). If a person has Hadath on the Eid Day (during the Eid prayer), or during the funeral prayer, he should look for water (to do ablution) and should not perform Tayammum. If anyone happens to pass by a funeral and the people are offering the (funeral) prayer, then it is advisable for him to join them by saying Takbir. Ibn Al-Musayyab said, “(In funeral prayers) there are four Takbir, whether the Salat (prayer) is offered at night or by day, in journey or at home.” Anas said, “One Takbir for starting the Salat (prayer),” and quoting the Qur’an, he said, “And never (O Muhammad ﷺ) pray (funeral prayer) for anyone of them (hypocrites) who dies, (V.9:84)…” And in the funeral prayer, there are rows and Imam.