28/1. Chapter:
حديث رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ عَنْ بُشَيْرٍ بْنِ يَسَارِ، مَوْلَى الأَنْصَارِ، أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ أَتَيَا خَيْبَرَ، فَتَفَرَّقَا فِي النَّخْلِ، فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ فَجَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَحُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَتَكَلَّمُوا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمْ، فَبَدَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمنِ، وَكَانَ أَصْغَرَ الْقَوْمِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: كَبِّرِ الْكُبْرَ (قَالَ يَحْيى أَحَدُ رِجَالِ السَّنَدِ: لِيَلِيَ الْكَلَامَ الأَكْبَرُ) فَتَكلَّمُوا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِهِمْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَتَسْتَحِقُّون قَتِيلَكُمْ أُوْ قَالَ صَاحِبَكُمْ بِأَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْكُمْ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَمْرٌ لَمْ نَرَهُ قَالَ: فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ فِي أَيْمَانِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْهُمْ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَوْمٌ كُفَّارٌ فَوَدَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ قِبَلِهقَالَ سَهْلٌ: فَأَدْرَكْتُ نَاقَةً مِنْ تِلْكَ الإِبِلِ، فَدَخَلَتْ مِرْبَدًا لَهُمْ فَرَكَضَتْنِي بِرِجْلِهَا.
Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhaiyisa bin Mas‘ûd went to Khaibar and they dispersed in the (gardens of the) date-palm trees. ‘Abdullah bin Sahl was murdered. Then ‘Abdur-Rahmân bin Sahl, Huwaiyisa and Muhaiyisa, the two sons of Mas‘ûd, came to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and spoke about the case of their (murdered) friend. ‘Abdur-Rahmân who was the youngest of them, started talking. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Let the older (among you) speak first.” So they spoke about the case of their (murdered) friend.The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Will fifty of you take an oath whereby you will have the right to receive the blood money of your murdered man” (or said, “...your companion”). They said, “O Allâh’s Messenger! The murder was a thing we did not witness.” The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Then the Jews will release you from the oath, if fifty of them (the Jews) should take an oath to contradict your claim.” They said, “O Allâh’s Messenger! They are disbelievers, (and they will take a false oath).” Then Allâh’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم himself paid the blood money to them.Sahl added: “I came upon a she-camel from those camels while I entered their stable and it hit me with its leg." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 164, Vol. 8 )
28/2. Chapter:
١٠٨٦ - حَدِيث أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ عُكْلٍ ثَمَانِيَةً، قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى الإِسْلَامِ، فَاسْتَوْخَمُوا الأَرْضَ فَسَقِمَتْ أَجْسَامُهُمْ، فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: " أَفَلَا تَخْرُجُونَ مَعَ رَاعِينَا فِي إِبِلِهِ، فَتُصِيبُونَ مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا " قَالُوا: بَلَى، فَخَرَجُوا فَشَرِبُوا مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا وَأَبْوَالِهَا، فَصَحُّوا، فَقَتَلُوا رَاعِيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَطْرَدُوا النَّعَمَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ، فَأُدْرِكُوا فَجِيءَ بِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَقُطِّعَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ، وَسَمَرَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ، ثُمَّ نَبَذَهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى مَاتُوا.
Eight persons from the tribe of 'Ukl came to Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and gave the Bai'a (pledge) for Islâm (became Muslim). The climate of the place (Al-Madîna) did not suit them. So they became sick and complained about that to Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم . He said (to them), "Won't you go with the shepherd of our camels and drink of the camels' milk and urine (as medicine)?" They said, "Yes." So they went out and drank the camels' milk and urine, and after they became healthy, they killed the shepherd of Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and took away the camels.This news reached Allâh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم , so he sent (men) to follow their traces and they were captured and brought (to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم ). He then ordered to cut their hands and feet, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron, and then he threw (left) them in the sun till they died." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 37, Vol. 9 ) thing, and the killing of a male for the killing of a female.
28/3. Chapter:
حديث أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: عَدَا يَهُودِيٌّ، فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، عَلَى جَارِيَةٍ، فَأَخَذَ أَوْضَاحًا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا، وَرَضَخَ رَأْسَهَا؛ فَأَتَى بِهَا أَهْلُهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ فِي آخِرِ رَمَقٍ، وَقَدْ أُصْمِتَتْ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: مَنْ قَتَلَكِ، فُلَانٌ لِغَيْرِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهَا، فَأَشَارَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا أَنْ لَا قَالَ، فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ آخَرَ غَيْرِ الَّذِي قَتَلَهَا فَأَشَارَتْ أَنْ لَا، فَقَالَ: فَفُلَانٌ لِقَاتِلِهَا فَأَشَارَتْ أَنْ نَعَمْ؛ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرُضِخَ رَأْسُهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْن.
During the lifetime of Allâh's Messenger ﷺ, a Jew attacked a girl and took some silver ornaments she was wearing, and crushed her head. Her relatives brought her to the Prophet ﷺ while she was in her last breaths and she was unable to speak. Allâh's Messenger ﷺ asked her, "Who has hit you? So-and-so?", mentioning somebody other than her murderer. She moved her head, indicating denial.The Prophet ﷺ mentioned the name of another person other than the murderer, and she again moved her head indicating denial. Then he asked, "Was it so-and-so?" mentioning the name of her killer. She nodded in agreement. Then Allâh's Messenger ﷺ ordered that the head of the murderer be crushed between two stones. ( Sahîh Al-Bukhâri, Hadith No. 216 (B), Vol. 7 )
28/4. Chapter:
حديث عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا عَضَّ يَدَ رَجُل، فَنَزَعَ يَدَهُ مِنْ فَمِهِ فَوَقَعَتْ ثَنِيَّتَاهُ فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَعَضُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ كَمَا يَعَضُّ الْفَحْلُ لَا دِيَةَ لَكَ.
A man bit another man's hand and the latter pulled his hand out of his mouth by force, causing two of his incisors (teeth) to fall out. They submitted their case to the Prophet ﷺ who said, "One of you bit his brother as a male camel bites (go away), there is no Diya (blood money) for you.” ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 30, Vol. 9)
حديث يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ رضي الله عنها، قَالَ: غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَبِيِّ ﷺ جَيْشَ الْعُسْرَةِ، فَكَانَ مِنْ أَوْثَقِ أَعْمَالِي فِي نَفْسِي، فَكَانَ لِي أَجِيرٌ، فَقَاتَلَ إِنْسَانًا، فَعَضَّ أَحَدُهُمَا إِصْبَعَ صَاحِبهِ، فَانْتَزَعَ إِصْبَعَهُ، فَأَنْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَسَقَطَتْ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى النَّبِىِّ ﷺ، فَأَهْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ، وَقَالَ: أَفَيَدَعُ إِصْبَعَهُ فِي فِيكَ تقْضَمُهَا قَالَ أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: كَمَا يَقْضَمُ الْفَحْلُ اخرجه البخاري في: ٣٧ كتاب الإجارة: ٥ باب الأجير في الغزو.
I fought in Jaish-al-‘Usra (Ghazwa of Tabûk) along with the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and in my opinion that was the best of my deeds. Then I had an employee, who quarrelled with someone and one of them bit and cut the other’s finger and caused his own tooth to fall out. He then went to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم (with a complaint); but the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم rejected the plea and said to the complainant, “Did you expect him to let his finger in your mouth so that you might snap and cut it as does a stallion camel?” ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 466-A, Vol. 3)
28/5. Chapter:
حديث أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: كَسَرَتِ الرُّبيِّعُ، وَهِيَ عَمَّةُ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، ثَنِيَّةَ جَارِيَةٍ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ، فَطَلَبَ الْقَوْمُ الْقِصَاصَ، فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ⦗١٨١⦘ بِالْقِصَاصِ؛ فَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ، عَمُّ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: لَا وَاللهِ لَا تُكْسَرُ سِنُّهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: يَا أَنَسُ كِتَابُ اللهِ الْقِصَاصُ فَرَضِيَ الْقَوْمُ وَقَبِلُوا الأَرْشَ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لأَبَرَّهُ.
Ar-Rubai‘ (the paternal aunt of Anas bin Mâlik) broke the incisor tooth of a young Ansâri girl. Her family demanded the Qisâs [1] and they came to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم who passed the judgment of Qisâs.Anas bin An-Nadr (the paternal uncle of Anas bin Mâlik) said, “O Allâh’s Messenger! By Allâh, her tooth will not be broken.” The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “O Anas! (The law prescribed in) Allâh’s Book is Qisâs.” So (later on) the people (i.e. the relatives of the girl) gave up their claim and accepted a compensation. On that Allâh's Messenger ﷺ said, "Some of Allâh's worshippers are such that if they take an oath, Allâh will fulfil it for them." ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 135, Vol. 6)
[1] Qisâs : The law of equality in punishment.
28/6. Chapter:
حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِىءٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلهَ إِلَاّ اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلَاّ بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ، وَالثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي، وَالْمَارِقُ مِنَ الدِّينِ التَّارِكُ الْجَمَاعَةَ.
Allâh's Messenger ﷺ said, "The blood of a Muslim who confesses that Lâ ilâha ill-Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allâh) and that I am the Messenger of Allâh cannot be shed except in three cases: (1) life for life (in cases of intentional murders without right (i.e. Qisâs — law of equality in punishments); (2) a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse and (3) the one who turns renegade from Islâm (apostate) and leaves the group of Muslims (by innovating heresy, new ideas and new things etc. in the Islâmic religion). (See Fath Al-Bârî, Vol. 15, P. 220 for details) ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 17, Vol. 9)
28/7. Chapter:
حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنها، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَا ُتقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَاّ كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدمَ الأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا، لأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَن سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ.
Allâh's Messenger ﷺ said, "Whenever a person is murdered unjustly, there is a share from the burden of the crime on the first son of Adam for he was the first to start the tradition of murdering.” ( Sahih Al-Bukhâri, Hadîth No. 552, Vol. 4)
28/8. Chapter:
حديث عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنها، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَوَّلُ مَا يُقْضى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالدِّمَاءِ.
The cases which will be decided first (on the Day of Resurrection) will be the cases of blood-shedding.” ( Sahih Al-Bukhâri, Hadîth No. 540, Vol. 8)
28/9. Chapter:
حديث أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: الزَّمَانُ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَةِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ، السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا؛ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ: ذو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ، وَرَجَبُ مَضَرَ، الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ؛ أَيُّ شَهْرٍ هذَا قُلْنَا: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ، قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ ذُو الْحِجَّةِ قُلْنَا: بَلَى قَالَ: فَأَيُّ بَلَدٍ هذَا قُلْنَا: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ ⦗١٨٣⦘ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ، قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ الْبَلْدَةَ قُلْنَا: بَلَى قَالَ: فَأَيُّ يَوْمٍ هذَا قُلْنَا: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغيْرِ اسْمِهِ قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ قُلْنَا: بَلَى قَالَ: فَإِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ (أَحَدُ رِجَالِ السَّنَدِ) وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ: وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هذَا فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هذَا في شَهْرِكُمْ هذَا؛ وَسَتَلْقَوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ فَسَيَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ، أَلَا فَلَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي ضُلَاّلًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ، أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ، فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ يُبَلَّغُهُ أَنْ يُكُونَ أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَن سَمِعهُ فَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِذَا ذَكَرَهُ يَقُولُ: صَدَقَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ مَرَّتَيْنِ.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Time has taken its original shape which it had when Allâh تعالى created the heavens and the earth. The year is of twelve months, four of which are sacred, and out of these (four) three are in succession, i.e. Dhul-Qa‘da, Dhul-Hijja and Al-Muharram, and the fourth is Rajab which is named after the Mudar tribe, between (the month of) Jumâda (Ath-Thânîa) and Sha‘bân.”Then the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم asked, “Which month is this?” We said, “Allâh and His Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم know better.” On that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم kept quiet for so long that we thought that he might name it with another name. Then the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Isn’t it the month of Dhul-Hijja.” We replied, “Yes (it is).”Then he said, “Which town is this?” We replied, “Allâh and His Messenger ﷺ know better.” One that he kept quiet for so long that we thought that he might name it with another name. Then he said, “Isn’t it the town of Makka?” We replied, “Yes (it is).” Then he said, “Which day is today?” We replied, “Allâh and His Messenger know better.” He kept quiet for so long that we thought that he might name it with another name. Then he said, “Isn’t it the day of An-Nahr (i.e. sacrifice)?” We replied, “Yes (it is).”He said, “So your blood and your properties... (The subnarrator Muhammad said, I think the Prophet ﷺ also said: “And your honour...”) are sacred to one another like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this city of yours, in this month of yours; and surely, you will meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds.Beware! Do not become like those who went astray after me, cutting the necks of one another. It is incumbent on those who are present to convey this message (of mine) to those who are absent. May be that some of those to whom it will be conveyed might comprehend (what I have said) better than the present audience.”(The subnarrator, Muhammad, on remembering that narration used to say, “Muhammad spoke the truth!”) He ﷺ then added twice, “No doubt! Haven’t I conveyed (Allâh’s Message) to you?” ( Sahîh Al-Bukhârî, Hadîth No. 688, Vol. 5) obligatory payment of blood-money in cases of unintentional murders, and in cases of seemingly-intentional murders.