21/3. Chapter:
Sahih Muslim 1514b — Selling on Unknown Future Terms
The prohibition of selling Habl Al-Habalah
Hadith About Habal Al-Habala and Unknown Sales
Sahih Muslim : 1514b
Sahih MuslimHadith Number 1514b
حَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، - وَاللَّفْظُ لِزُهَيْرٍ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، - وَهُوَ الْقَطَّانُ - عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَتَبَايَعُونَ لَحْمَ الْجَزُورِ إِلَى حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ . وَحَبَلُ الْحَبَلَةِ أَنْ تُنْتَجَ النَّاقَةُ ثُمَّ تَحْمِلَ الَّتِي نُتِجَتْ فَنَهَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنْ ذَلِكَ .
Ibn 'Umar Narrated from:
The people of pre-Islamic days used to sell the meat of the slaughtered camel up to habal al-habala. And habal al-habala implies that a she-camel should give birth and then the (born one should grow young) and become pregnant. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade them that (this transaction).
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1514bIn-book reference : Book 21, Hadith 10USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 10, Hadith 3616
Summary of Sahih Muslim Hadith 1514b
This hadith explains the meaning of habal al-habala in a practical way. Ibn Umar reported that people in pre-Islamic days used to sell the meat of a slaughtered camel up to habal al-habala. The report explains that this meant waiting until a she-camel gave birth, then the one born grew and became pregnant. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم forbade this transaction. The problem shown in the text is that the deal depended on a distant and uncertain future event. A sale like this is not clear at the time of agreement. This hadith is useful for searches about forbidden transactions in Islam, gharar in sales, and Islamic rules of buying and selling. It teaches that trade should not be tied to unknown future results.
What we learn from this hadith
- A sale should not depend on a long unknown chain of future events.
- The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم forbade the habal al-habala transaction.
- Pre-Islamic business customs were corrected when they involved unclear terms.
- Clear timing and clear subject matter are important in trade.
