44/108. Chapter:
Sunan an-Nasai 4701 — Shared Property and Pre-Emption
Shared Ownership Of Houses
Shuf'ah Hadith on Shared Property Before Division
Sunan an-Nasai : 4701
Sunan an-NasaiHadith Number 4701
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ شَرِكَةٍ لَمْ تُقْسَمْ رَبْعَةٍ وَحَائِطٍ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ حَتَّى يُؤْذِنَ شَرِيكَهُ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ وَإِنْ بَاعَ وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ .
Jabir Narrated from:
The Messenger of Allah ruled that pre-emption is to be given in everything that is shared in which the division is not clear, whether it is a house or a garden. It is not permissible to sell it before informing one's partner, who may take it or leave it, as he wishes. He (the share-owner) sells it without informing him, and then he has more right to it.
Reference : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4701In-book reference : Book 44, Hadith 253English translation : Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 4705
Summary of Sunan an-Nasai Hadith 4701
This shuf'ah hadith gives a clear rule about shared property before it has been divided. Jabir narrated that the Messenger of Allah ruled for pre-emption in everything that is shared where the division is not clear, whether it is a house or a garden. The owner should not sell before informing his partner. The partner may then take it or leave it. If the sale happens without informing him, the text says the partner has more right to it. This hadith about pre-emption in Islam focuses on fairness, notice, and the rights of a partner in property. It does not speak about every kind of sale, but about shared property where division is not clear.
What we learn from this hadith
- Pre-emption applies to shared property that has not been clearly divided.
- A partner should be informed before the shared property is sold.
- The partner may accept the offer or leave it, as stated in the narration.
