14/53. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1286 — Meaning of Al-Kharaj Bil-Daman
What Has Been Related About Someone Who Purchases A Slave And He Profited From him, Then He Found A Defect In Him
Hadith on Produce for the Responsible One
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1286
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1286
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، يَحْيَى بْنُ خَلَفٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَضَى أَنَّ الْخَرَاجَ بِالضَّمَانِ . قَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى اسْتَغْرَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ . قُلْتُ تَرَاهُ تَدْلِيسًا قَالَ لاَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَقَدْ رَوَى مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرٌ عَنْ هِشَامٍ أَيْضًا . وَحَدِيثُ جَرِيرٍ يُقَالُ تَدْلِيسٌ دَلَّسَ فِيهِ جَرِيرٌ . لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ . وَتَفْسِيرُ الْخَرَاجِ بِالضَّمَانِ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْعَبْدَ فَيَسْتَغِلُّهُ ثُمَّ يَجِدُ بِهِ عَيْبًا فَيَرُدُّهُ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ فَالْغَلَّةُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي لأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَوْ هَلَكَ هَلَكَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُشْتَرِي . وَنَحْوُ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَسَائِلِ يَكُونُ فِيهِ الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى اسْتَغْرَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قُلْتُ تَرَاهُ تَدْلِيسًا قَالَ لَا
A'isha Narrated from:
The Prophet (ﷺ) Judged That The Produce Is Produce Is For The Responsible One. [He Said:] This Hadith Is Hasan Sahih, Gharib As A Hadith Of Hisham Bin 'Urwah (A Narrator). [Abu 'Eisa Said:] Muslim Bin Khalid Az-Zanji Reported This Hadith From Hisham, From 'Urwah. Jarir Reported It From Hisham As Well. It Is Said That The Narration Of Jarir Has Tadlis In In It, That Jarir Committed The Tadlis, He Did Not Hear It From Hisham Bin 'Urwah. As For The Meaning Of "The Produce Is For The Responsible One," He Is The Man Who Purchased The Slave Then The Slave Produced For Him, And He Found Some Defect In Him So He Returned Him To The Seller. Then The Produce (Of His Work) Is The Purchaser'S. In Cases Similar To This, The Produce Is For The Responsible One. [Abu 'Eisa Said:] Muhammad Bin Isma'Il Called This Hadith Gharib, As A Narration Of 'Umar Bin 'Ali (One Of The Narrators). I Said: "Do You Think That He Committed Tadlis?" He Said:"No".
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1286In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 88English translation : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 1286
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1286
This Hadith repeats the rule that the produce is for the responsible one, then gives an explanation. Abu Eisa explains it with the case of a man who buys a slave, benefits from his work, then finds a defect and returns him to the seller. The gain from that work remains for the purchaser because, during that time, the slave would have been lost from the purchaser's wealth if he had perished. This explanation helps the reader see the meaning of al-kharaj bil-daman in a practical sale case. The report also contains technical comments about narrators, tadlis, and how the route was viewed.
What we learn from this hadith
- Benefit is linked to the person who carried the risk at that time.
- A buyer's gain can remain valid when he also carried possible loss.
- The text shows how Hadith scholars discussed both meaning and chain details.
