14/68. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1309 — Debt Transfer and Two Sales
What Has Been Related About The Rich Person's Procrastination (Paying Debt) Is Oppression
Debt Transfer Hadith and Two Sales in One Sale
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1309
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1309
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَرَوِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ وَإِذَا أُحِلْتَ عَلَى مَلِيءٍ فَاتْبَعْهُ وَلاَ تَبِعْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أُحِيلَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى مَلِيٍّ فَلْيَتْبَعْ . فَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِذَا أُحِيلَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى مَلِيٍّ فَاحْتَالَهُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ الْمُحِيلُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَلَى الْمُحِيلِ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِذَا تَوِيَ مَالُ هَذَا بِإِفْلاَسِ الْمُحَالِ عَلَيْهِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَلَى الأَوَّلِ . وَاحْتَجُّوا بِقَوْلِ عُثْمَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ حِينَ قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَلَى مَالِ مُسْلِمٍ تَوًى . قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ " لَيْسَ عَلَى مَالِ مُسْلِمٍ تَوًى " . هَذَا إِذَا أُحِيلَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى آخَرَ وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ مَلِيٌّ فَإِذَا هُوَ مُعْدِمٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى مَالِ مُسْلِمٍ تَوًى .
Ibn 'Umar Narrated from:
The Prophet (ﷺ) Said: "Procrastination (In Paying A Debt) By A Rich Person Is Oppression. So If Your Debt Is Transferred From Your Debtor You Should Agree, And Do Not Make Two Sales In One Sale."[Abu 'Eisa Said:] The Hadith Is The Abu Hurairah (No. 1308) Is A Hasan Sahih Hadith. And Its Meaning Is That When The Debt Of One Of You Is Transferred Then Agree. Some Of The People Of Knowledge Said When A Man Is Offered To Transfer His Debt To A Rich Man And He Does So, Then The Transferor Is Free Of It, He Is Not To Seek Its Return From The Transferor. This Is The View Of Ash-Shafi'I, Ahmad, And Ishaq.Some Of The People Of Knowledge Said: "When This Wealth Could Not Be Collected Due To Bankruptcy Of The One It Was Transferred To, Then He May Seek Its Return To The First One." They Argue This View With The Saying Of 'Uthman And Others, When They Said: "There Is Nothing Due On A Muslim'S Wealth That Is Lost." Ishaq Said: "The Meaning Of This Hadith: 'There Is Nothing Due On A Muslim'S Wealth That Is Lost' This Is When A Man Transfers It To Another Whom He Thinks Is Wealthy, Then He Becomes Bankrupt, So There Is Nothing Due On The Muslim'S Wealth That Is Lost."
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1309In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 112English translation : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 1309
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1309
This hadith brings together two trade and debt rules. First, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said that delaying payment by a rich person is oppression. Then he said that if someone is transferred to a wealthy debtor, he should follow that transfer. The narration also includes the command not to make two sales in one sale. The explanation after the hadith discusses how some people of knowledge understood debt transfer and whether the first debtor remains responsible if the new debtor becomes bankrupt. Keeping close to the text, the key lesson is that money matters need fairness, clarity, and timely payment. Delays and unclear sale structures can harm people.
What we learn from this hadith
- Delaying payment by a rich person is described as oppression.
- Debt transfer to a wealthy debtor is accepted in the wording of the hadith.
- The hadith forbids two sales in one sale.
- Clear financial dealings help protect people's rights.
