47/18. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 3144 — Major Sins
Regarding Surat Bani Isra'il
Hadith About Major Sins and Nine Clear Signs
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 3144
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 3144
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، وَأَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، وَاللَّفْظُ، لَفْظُ يَزِيدَ وَالْمَعْنَى وَاحِدٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلِمَةَ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَسَّالٍ الْمُرَادِيِّ، أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّيْنِ، قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ اذْهَبْ بِنَا إِلَى هَذَا النَّبِيِّ نَسْأَلُهُ فَقَالَ لاَ تَقُلْ لَهُ نَبِيٌّ فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ سَمِعَنَا نَقُولُ نَبِيٌّ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَعْيُنٍ فَأَتَيَا النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَسَأَلاَهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ) فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلاَ تَزْنُوا وَلاَ تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ وَلاَ تَسْرِقُوا وَلاَ تَسْحَرُوا وَلاَ تَمْشُوا بِبَرِيءٍ إِلَى سُلْطَانٍ فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا وَلاَ تَقْذِفُوا مُحْصَنَةً وَلاَ تَفِرُّوا مِنَ الزَّحْفِ شَكَّ شُعْبَةُ وَعَلَيْكُمُ الْيَهُودَ خَاصَّةً أَنْ لاَ تَعْدُوا فِي السَّبْتِ " . فَقَبَّلاَ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ وَقَالاَ نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ نَبِيٌّ . قَالَ " فَمَا يَمْنَعُكُمَا أَنْ تُسْلِمَا " . قَالاَ إِنَّ دَاوُدَ دَعَا اللَّهَ أَنْ لاَ يَزَالَ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ نَبِيٌّ وَإِنَّا نَخَافُ إِنْ أَسْلَمْنَا أَنْ تَقْتُلَنَا الْيَهُودُ . قَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ .
Safwan bin 'Assal Al-Muradi Narrated from:
A Jew Said To His Companion: 'Accompany Us To This Prophet.' So His Companion Said: 'Do Not Say: Prophet," For If He Hears You Calling Him A Prophet Then He Will Be Happy.' So They Went To The Prophet (ﷺ) To Question Him About Allah, The Most High, Saying:And Indeed We Gave Musa Nine Clear Signs (17:101).So The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Said To Them: 'Do Not Associate Anything With Allah, Nor Commit Unlawful Intercourse, Nor Take A Life Which Allah Has Made Prohibited, Except For What Is Required (In The Law), Nor Steal, Nor Practice Magic, Nor Hasten To Damage The Reputation Of An Innocent Person In Front Of A Ruler, So That He Will Be Killed, Nor Consume Riba, Nor Falsely Accuse The Chaste Woman, Nor Turn To Flee On The Day Of The March (I.E. Flee From War).' - Shu'Bah Was In Doubt - 'And For You Jews Particularly, To Not Violate The Sabbath.'" He Said: "So They Kissed His Hands And His Feet And They Said: 'We Bear Witness That You Are A Prophet.' So He Said: 'Then What Prevents You From Accepting Islam?' They Said: 'Because Dawud Supplicated To His Lord, That His Offspring Never Be Devoid Of Prophets, And We Feared That If We Follow You Then The Jews Will Kill Us.'"
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3144In-book reference : Book 47, Hadith 196English translation : Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3144
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 3144
This hadith records two Jews asking the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم about the verse mentioning the nine clear signs given to Musa. In answer, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم listed commands: do not associate anything with Allah, do not commit unlawful intercourse, do not kill a prohibited life except by right, do not steal, do not practice magic, do not cause an innocent person to be killed through false accusation before a ruler, do not consume riba, do not falsely accuse a chaste woman, and do not flee on the day of marching. He also mentioned the Sabbath for the Jews. The hadith about major sins is direct and moral. It ties faith to clean worship, justice, honesty, and restraint from serious wrongs.
What we learn from this hadith
- Tawhid is placed first: do not associate anything with Allah.
- The hadith warns against serious sins involving life, wealth, honor, and society.
- False accusation can lead to grave harm, so speech must be guarded.
- The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم answered the question with clear moral commands.
