14/63. Chapter:
Jami at-Tirmidhi 1302 — Araya by Estimation
What Has Been Related About Al-'Araya And The Permission For That
Araya Sale by Estimation in Islamic Trade
Jami at-Tirmidhi : 1302
Jami at-TirmidhiHadith Number 1302
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَرْخَصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا بِخَرْصِهَا . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ وَقَالُوا إِنَّ الْعَرَايَا مُسْتَثْنَاةٌ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ نَهْىِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذْ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ وَاحْتَجُّوا بِحَدِيثِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَقَالُوا لَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ . وَمَعْنَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَرَادَ التَّوْسِعَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي هَذَا لأَنَّهُمْ شَكَوْا إِلَيْهِ وَقَالُوا لاَ نَجِدُ مَا نَشْتَرِي مِنَ الثَّمَرِ إِلاَّ بِالتَّمْرِ فَرَخَّصَ لَهُمْ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ أَنْ يَشْتَرُوهَا فَيَأْكُلُوهَا رُطَبًا .
Zaid bin Thabit Narrated from:
The Messenger Of Allah (ﷺ) Permitted Selling In Al-'Araya By Estimating It. [Abu 'Eisa Said:] This Hadith Is Hasan Sahih. The Hadith Of Abu Hurairah Is Hasan Sahih. And This Is Acted Upon According To Some Of The People Of Knowledge. Among Them Ash-Shafi'I, Ahmad And Ishaq.They Said Al-'Araya Is An Exception From The General Scope Of The Prohibition Of The Prophet (ﷺ) When He Prohibited Al-Muhaqalah And Al-Muzabanah. They Argued Using This Hadith Of Zaid Bin Thabit And The Hadith Of Abu Hurairah. They Said That He May Buy What Is Less Than Five Wasq. According To Some Of The People Of Knowledge, This Means That The Prophet (ﷺ) Wanted To Make Less Restriction For Them On This Matter Because They Complained To Him Saying: "We Don't By Anything With Dried Dates Except Fruit." So He Permitted Them To Buy Less Than Five Wasq Worth So They Could Eat Fresh Dates.
Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1302In-book reference : Book 14, Hadith 105English translation : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 1302
Summary of Jami at-Tirmidhi Hadith 1302
This hadith about araya sale explains that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) permitted selling in Al-'Araya by estimating it. The report also mentions that some people of knowledge acted upon this and treated Al-'Araya as an exception from the broader prohibition of Al-Muhaqalah and Al-Muzabanah. The text says the allowance was for less than five wasq. It also explains, according to some people of knowledge mentioned in the narration, that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) wanted to make the matter easier because people complained that they could only buy fruit with dried dates. So this hadith highlights a limited concession, careful estimation, and mercy in a real buying need.
What we learn from this hadith
- Al-'Araya could be handled by estimation within the stated limit.
- The allowance was treated as an exception by some people of knowledge.
- The text connects this ruling with making a difficult trade situation easier.
- Islamic trade guidance values both clear limits and practical need.
